| OAO B
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 | Launch Date: 11/09/1970
Perform stellar observations in the UV region. Did not achieve orbit.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Astronomical Observatory-B
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | |
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| OAO I
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 | Launch Date: 04/08/1966
To study UV, X-ray and Gamma-ray regions.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 1, OAO 1, OAO A
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | |
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| OAO II
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 | Launch Date: 12/07/1968
Perform astronomy investigations ofcelestial objects in the ultraviolet spectrum.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2, OAO 2, OAO B, OAO-A2, Stargazer
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Additional URL 2 | |
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| OGO I
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 | Launch Date: 09/05/1964
The Orbiting Geophysical Observatory carried more than 50 interrelated experiments to make measuremetns of the Earth.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 1, OGO 1, EOGO 1, OGO-A
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OGO II
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 | Launch Date: 10/14/1965
To investigate near-Earth space phenonmenoa.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 2, OGO 2, OGO-C, POGO 1
| NSSDC Link | Image Gallery | |
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| OGO III
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 | Launch Date: 06/07/1966
To obtain data on geophysical and solar phenonmena in the Earth's atmosphere. First 3-axis stabilization in highly elliptical orbit.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 3, OGO 3, EOGO 3, OGO-B
| NSSDC Link | Image Gallery | |
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| OGO V
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 | Launch Date: 03/04/1968
Provided measurements of energy characteristic in the Earth's radiation belts; first evidence of electric fields in the bow shock.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5, OGO 5, OGO-E
| NSSDC Link | Image Gallery | |
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| OGO VI
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 | Launch Date: 06/05/1969
Last in the OGO series to provide measurements of the energy characteristics in the Earth's radiation belts; provided the first evidence of electric fields in the bow shock.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 6, OGO 6, OGO-F, PL-691D, POGO 3, S 60
| NSSDC Link | Image Gallery | |
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| ORFEUS-SPAS
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 | Launch Date: 09/12/1993
The Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer Shuttle Pallet System to study very hot and cold matter in Universe.
Other Name(s): Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer Shuttle Pallet System, ORFEUS-SPAS I, ORFEUS, SPAS, STS 51/ORFEUS, STS 51/SPAS
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | |
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| ORFEUS-SPAS II
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| Launch Date: 11/20/1996
This joint NASA-German Space Agency spacecraft was deployed during Shuttle STS-80. It investigated far and extreme UV astrophysical phenomena. ORFEUS, the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometers, is a joint NASA - DARA (the German space agency) project. The ORFEUS-SPAS I payload carried three ultraviolet instruments mounted on the free-flying Astro-SPAS module. The reusable Astro-SPAS platform is designed to be deployed from the Space Shuttle cargo bay for up to 2 weeks of free-flying science observations.ORFEUS-SPAS II started aboard space shuttle Columbia on mission STS-80 into space. The ORFEUS-SPAS II platform was launched on November 19, 1996 at 19:55 GMT aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on the STS-80 mission. Mission duration was 17 days 15 hr 53 min 18 sec, which was the longest shuttle flight to date. The ORFEUS-SPAS II mission contained a high tech observatory which studied the invisible universe in ultraviolet light. The platform was released from the Shuttle's robot arm 8 hours later to float free of the Shuttle, allowing astronomers to probe stars, galaxies, planets and quasars in ultraviolet light which is invisible to our eye. Astronomers from around the world gathered data on over 200 targets during 427 pointings with this unique tool during the ORFEUS-SPAS mission. ORFEUS-SPAS II was retrieved by the Shuttle's remote arm at 8:26 GMT on December 4, 1996 after 14 days of free-flight, and stowed in the Shuttle's payload bay for landing.
Other Name(s): ORFEUS II, STS 80/ORFEUS
| NSSDC Link | |
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| Oscar
|
 | Launch Date: 11/15/1974
Provide communications capability for amateur radio enthusiasts around world.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio 7, Oscar 7, A-O-B, AMSAT Oscar B, Oscar B
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | |
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| OSO H
|
 | Launch Date: 09/29/1971
Observe active physical processes on the Sun and show it influences the Earth and its space enviroment.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 7, OSO 7
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSO 1
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 | Launch Date: 03/07/1962
The frst Orbiting Solar Observatory investigated solar radiation in the uv, x-ray, and gamma ray regions. Five instruments from GSFC.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 1, OSO-A, S 16
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSO I
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 | Launch Date: 06/21/1975
Observe active physical processes on the Sun and how it influences the Earth and its space environment.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 8, OSO 8
| Project Information | NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Additional URL 2 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSO III
|
 | Launch Date: 03/08/1967
To study structure, dynamics and chemical composition of the outer solar through x-ray, visible, and UV radiation measurements.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 3, OSO 3, OSO-E
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSO V
|
 | Launch Date: 01/22/1969
Continuation of OSO program to study Sun's X-rays, gamma rays, and radio emissions.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 5, OSO 5, OSO-F
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSO VI
|
 | Launch Date: 08/09/1969
Continuing study of Sun's X-rays, gamma rays, and radio emissions.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 6, OSO 6, OSO-G
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSO-C
|
 | Launch Date: 08/25/1965
Vehicle third stage ignited prematurely. Did not achieve orbit.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory-C, S 57
| NSSDC Link | |
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| OSO-IV
|
 | Launch Date: 10/18/1967
Obtained the first pictures made of the Sun in extreme ultraviolet.
Other Name(s): Orbiting Solar Observatory 4, OSO 4, OSO-D
| NSSDC Link | Additional URL 1 | Image Gallery | |
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| OSS-1
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 | Launch Date: 03/22/1982
The OSS experiment package on STS-3 included Goddard's Thermal Canister Experiment.
Other Name(s): OSS 1/STS 3, Shuttle OFT 3
| NSSDC Link | |
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